Full professor and in charge of the Besen Family Chair in Integrated Studies in Education, at the Shlomo (Seymour) Fox School of Education, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Faculty member at the Mandel School for Educational Leadership and member of an international research team addressing the connections between school autonomy and pedagogical innovation. Between 2006 and 2009 she served as Director of Pedagogical Affairs at the Israeli Ministry of Education. In this role she led a pedagogical reform "Pedagogical Horizon – Educating for Thinking" across the school system. The aim of this reform was to support the educational system in moving toward instruction focusing on thinking and deep understanding. In 2010 she was a fellow at the Institute for Advanced Studies in Princeton, NJ. Her main areas of research are the development of students' thinking (including argumentation and inquiry learning), metacognition, epistemic thinking, teachers' knowledge in the context of developing students' thinking and metacognition, science education and gender issues in science education. An additional area of research address the challenges involved in large scale, system- wide implementation of pedagogical reforms. Holds a PhD in science education from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, received in 1991.